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The
following glossary is related to hosting industry.
Access
[Microsoft®]
MS Access® published by Microsoft is an easy to use and
highly integrated database creation and maintenance software.
Capable of online databases, the software is supported with
the NT® hosting platform.
Anon
ftp
Allows access to web server based files without a user name
and password. Addresses are typed into the location text
field of a browser window or through an ftp program (use
ftp:// instead of the usual http:// if using a browser).
For browsers use the File pull-down menu to high lite the
option you wish to use (upload file, etc.). With ftp programs
use upload/download, get/put options. Good for sending non-sensitive
files between users, companies, clients, etc.
Applet
A small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page.
Applets differ from full-fledged Java applications in that
they are not allowed to access certain resources on the
local computer, such as files and serial devices (modems,
printers, etc.), and are prohibited from communicating with
most other computers across a network. The current rule
is that an applet can only make an Internet connection to
the computer from which the applet was sent.
ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
This is the de facto world-wide standard for the code numbers
used by computers to represent all the upper and lower-case
Latin letters, numbers, punctuation, etc. There are 128
standard ASCII codes each of which can be represented by
a 7 digit binary number: 0000000 through 1111111, plus parity.
ASP
/ Active Server Pages
Active Server Pages is an open, compile-free application
environment in which you can combine HTML, scripts, and
reusable ActiveX server components to create dynamic and
powerful Web-based business solutions. Active Server Pages
enables server side scripting for IIS with native support
for both VBScript and Jscript.
Backbone
A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a
major pathway within a network. The term is relative, as
a backbone in a small network will likely be much smaller
than many non-backbone lines in a large network.
Bandwidth
The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies
available for network signals. The term is also used to
describe the rated throughput capacity of a given network
medium or protocol. In short, bandwidth is a loose term
used to describe the throughput capacity (measured in Kilobits
or Megabits per second) of a specific circuit.
Baud
Unit of signaling speed equal to the number of discrete
signal elements transmited per second. Baud is synonymous
with bits per second (bps). In common usage the baud rate
of a modem is how many bits it can send or receive per second.
Technically, baud is the number of times per second that
the carrier signal shifts value - for example a 1200 bit-per-second
modem actually runs at 300 baud, but it moves 4 bits per
baud (4 x 300 = 1200 bits per second).
Browser
Client software that is used to look at various kinds of
Internet resources. Examples include Microsoft's Internet
Explorer and Netscape's Navigator.
CGI-BIN
(Common Gateway Interface)
A set of rules that describe how a Web Server communicates
with another piece of software on the same machine, and
how the other piece of software (the CGI program) talks
to the web server. Any piece of software can be a CGI program
if it handles input and output according to the CGI standard.
Usually a CGI program is a small program that takes data
from a web server and does something with it, like putting
the content of a form into an e-mail message, or turning
the data into a database query. You can often see that a
CGI program is being used by seeing cgi-bin in a URL, (
but not always).
Cold
Fusion Cold
Fusion is a database gateway application which sits next
to and enhances a computer's Web server software. Cold Fusion
is made by Allaire
Corporation, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Co-Location
Network Operations Centers such as CommuniTech.Net offer
the ability for customers to place their webservers and
other network equipment in thier NOC which are connected
via high speed fiber data lines to the backbone of the Internet.
Administration is done remotely so that a customer far away
can configure and control their network equipment.
Cookie
The most common meaning of 'Cookie' on the Internet refers
to a piece of information sent by a Web Server to a Web
Browser that the Browser software is expected to save and
to send back to the Server whenever the browser makes additional
requests from the Server.
Depending
on the type of Cookie used, and the Browser's settings,
the Browser may accept or not accept the Cookie, and may
save the Cookie for either a short time or a long time.
Cookies
might contain information such as login or registration
information, online 'shopping cart' information, user preferences,
etc.
When
a Server receives a request from a Browser that includes
a Cookie, the Server is able to use the information stored
in the Cookie. For example, the Server might customize what
is sent back to the user, or keep a log of particular user's
requests.
Cookies
are usually set to expire after a predetermined amount of
time and are usually saved in memory until the Browser software
is closed down, at which time they may be saved to disk
if their 'expire time' has not been reached. Cookies do
not read your hard drive and send your life story to the
CIA, but they can be used to
Cyberspace
Term originated by author William Gibson in his novel Neuromancer
the word Cyberspace is currently used to describe the whole
range of information resources available through computer
networks.
DNS
Domain Naming System The DNS is a distributed, replicated
that allows nameservers to map easily remembered domain
names to an IP number.
Dedicated
Server
For those customers that want the advantages of colocation
without the hassles of purchasing their own server. See
colocation.
Domain
Name
The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain
Names always have 2 or more parts, separated by dots. The
part on the left is the most specific, and the part on the
right is the most general. A given machine may have more
than one Domain Name but a given Domain Name points to only
one machine. For example, the domain names: communitech.net,
ftp.communitech.net, whatever.communitech.net can all refer
to the same machine, but each domain name can refer to no
more than one machine.
Usually,
all of the machines on a given Network will have the same
thing as the right-hand portion of their Domain Names in
the examples above. It is also possible for a Domain Name
to exist but not be connected to an actual machine. This
is often done so that a group or business can have an Internet
e-mail address without having to establish a real Internet
site. In these cases, some real Internet machine must handle
the mail on behalf of the listed Domain Name.
E-Commerce
Electronic Commerce. Refers to the general exchange of goods
and services via the Internet.
E-mail
(Electronic Mail)
Messages, usually text, sent from one person to another
via computer. E-mail can also be sent automatically to a
large number of addresses (Mailing List).
Ethernet
A very common method of networking computers in a LAN. Ethernet
will handle about 10,000,000 bits-per-second and can be
used with almost any kind of computer.
FDDI
(Fiber Distributed Data Interface)
A standard for transmitting data on optical fiber cables
at a rate of around 100,000,000 bits-per-second (10 times
as fast as Ethernet, about twice as fast as T-3).
Finger
An Internet software tool for locating people on other Internet
sites. Finger is also sometimes used to give access to non-personal
information, but the most common use is to see if a person
has an account at a particular Internet site. Many sites
do not allow incoming Finger requests, but many do.
Fire
Wall
A combination of hardware and software that separates a
LAN into two or more parts for security purposes.
FrontPage
Microsoft® FrontPage® is a site creation and management
software tool. One of the most popular website creation
software packages the software, both FrontPage® 98 and FrontPage
®2000 is widely supported by the hosting community.
FTP
(File Transfer Protocol)
A very common method of moving files between two Internet
sites. FTP is a special way to login to another Internet
site for the purposes of retrieving and/or sending files.
There are many Internet sites that have established publicly
accessible repositories of material that can be obtained
using FTP, by logging in using the account name anonymous,
thus these sites are called anonymous ftp servers.
Gateway
The technical meaning is a hardware or software set-up that
translates between two dissimilar protocols, for example
Prodigy has a gateway that translates between its internal,
proprietary e-mail format and Internet e-mail format. Another,
sloppier meaning of gateway is to describe any mechanism
for providing access to another system, e.g. AOL might be
called a gateway to the Internet.
Gigabyte
1024 Megabytes Gopher A widely successful method of making
menus of material available over the Internet.
Gopher
Gopher is a Client and Server style program, which requires
that the user have a Gopher Client program. Although Gopher
spread rapidly across the globe in only a couple of years,
it has been largely supplanted by Hypertext, also known
as WWW (World Wide Web). There are still thousands of Gopher
Servers on the Internet and we can expect they will remain
for a while.
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